Earth Plate 16

Indigenous Groups by Region (Partial List):

• Northern Region:: Nenets, Evenki, Yakuts, Chukchi, Koryak, Itelmen, Khanty, Mansi, Nivkh, Yukaghir.
• Central Region: Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Turkmen, Buryats, Tuvans, Altai, Shors.
• Southern Region: Adivasi (Gond, Santhal, Bhil, Munda, Ho, Khasi, Garo, Nicobarese), Vedda, Baloch, Brahui, Nuristani, Kalasha, Sherpa, Tharu, Lepcha.
• Southeastern Region: Orang Asli (Temuan, Semai), Dayak (Iban, Bidayuh), Batak, Toraja, Mentawai, Asmat, Dani, Igorot, Lumad (T’boli, Manobo), Hmong, Karen, Akha, Lahu, Shan, Cham, Khmer Krom.
• Eastern Region: Ainu, Ryukyuans, Uyghurs, Tibetans, Mongols, Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Yi, Tujia, Koreans (as indigenous people of the peninsula), Bai, Hani, Dai, Dong, Bouyei, Li.
• Southwestern Region: Amazigh (Berbers), Bedouin (various tribes), Assyrians, Kurds, Yazidis, Druze, Marsh Arabs, Copts, Samaritans, Talysh, Lurs, Bakhtiari, Qashqai, Ahwazi Arabs.

Colonized Countries created in this region include: Russia, Kazakhstan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei, Timor-Leste, China, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan.

Earth Plate 19

Indigenous and Ethnic Groups by Region (Expanded List):

• Southern Region: San (Ju/’hoansi, !Kung, ǃXóõ, N/u), Khoikhoi (Khoe), Nama, Damara, Haiǁom, Himba, Herero, Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho (Southern and Northern), Tswana, Pedi, Swazi, Ndebele (Northern and Southern), Venda, Tsonga, Shangaan, Lozi, Ovambo, Kavango, Caprivian, Ndau, Chewa, Shona (Karanga, Zezuru, Manyika), Nyanja, Tumbuka, Makua, Lomwe, Yao.
• Central Region: Pygmy peoples (Mbuti, Baka, Twa, Aka, Batwa, Babenga), Fang, Kota, Mbete, Teke, Kongo, Yaka, Suku, Luba, Lunda, Chokwe, Pende, Mangbetu, Azande, Banda, Gbaya, Sara, Kanuri, Buduma, Bagirmi, Mbaka, Ngbandi, Zande, Bemba, Bwile, Bemba, Lala.
• Eastern Region: Maasai, Samburu, Turkana, Rendille, Karamojong, Toposa, Dinka, Nuer, Shilluk, Anuak, Murle, Oromo, Amhara, Tigray, Tigrinya, Somali, Afar, Saho, Beja, Sidama, Gurage, Welayta, Kikuyu, Kamba, Luhya, Luo, Kalenjin, Meru, Embu, Ganda, Soga, Nkole, Toro, Hutu, Tutsi, Twa, Chaga, Sukuma, Nyamwezi, Ha, Hehe, Makonde, Yao, Ngoni, Iraqw, Merina, Betsileo, Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Sakalava, Antandroy.
• Northern Region: Amazigh (Berbers) – (Tuareg, Kabyle, Chaoui, Riffians, Shawiya, Siwi, Mozabite), Toubou (Teda, Daza), Nubians (Kenuz, Mahas, Dongolawi), Fur, Beja (Ababda, Bisharin, Hadendowa), Zaghawa, Copts, Arabs (Bedouin, Hassaniya), Sahrawi.
• Western Region: Akan (Ashanti, Fante, Akuapem, Akyem, Bono), Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, Fulani (Fulbe, Peul), Mandinka (Malinke), Bambara, Soninke, Wolof, Serer, Mossi (Mole-Dagbon), Dagomba, Frafra, Dogon, Senufo, Fon, Ewe, Mina, Ga-Adangbe, Ijaw (Izon), Igala, Tiv, Ibibio, Efik, Annang, Ogoni, Urhobo, Isoko, Itsekiri, Edo (Bini), Nupe, Gwari (Gbagyi), Kanuri, Bariba, Dyula, Kru, Bassa, Grebo, Temne, Mende, Limba, Kissi, Kpelle, Susu, Jola (Diola), Balanta, Manjaco, Papel, Bidjogo, Fon, Mahi.
• Additional Island Nations:
  • Madagascar: Merina, Betsileo, Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Sakalava, Antandroy, Antanosy, Bara.
  • Comoros: Nzwani, Mwali, Ngazidja.
  • Mauritius & Seychelles: (Note: Largely diasporic populations from Africa, Asia, and Europe; no distinct pre-colonial groups remain due to uninhabited status at time of colonization).

Colonized Countries created in this region include: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, Eswatini, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Sudan, South Sudan, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Western Sahara, Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Côte d’Ivoire, Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso, Benin, Togo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, The Gambia, Mauritania, Cabo Verde, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius, Seychelles.

Earth Plate 12

Indigenous Nations by Region (Partial List):

• North Region: Inuit (Inupiat, Inuvialuit, Nunavimmiut), Yupik (Siberian, Central Alaskan), Iñupiat, Aleut (Unangax̂).
• North Sub Region: Dene (Chipewyan, Tłı̨chǫ, Slavey, Gwich’in), Cree (Innu, Naskapi, Moose, Swampy, Woods), Ojibwe (Anishinaabe), Atikamekw, Nakoda (Stoney), Dane-zaa (Beaver), Tahltan, Tlingit, Tsimshian, Nisga’a, Gitxsan, Wet’suwet’en, Sekani, Tagish, Tahltan, Kaska, Han, Upper Tanana, Tanacross, Southern Tutchone, Northern Tutchone.
• Northwest Coast Region: Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Nisga’a, Gitxsan, Haisla, Heiltsuk, Wuikinuxv, Nuxalk, Kwakwaka’wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth, Makah, Quileute, Coast Salish (Stó:lō, Squamish, Musqueam, Lummi, Twana), Chimakum, Quinault, Willapa, Chinook, Clatsop, Tillamook, Alsea, Siuslaw, Coos, Tututni, Tolowa.
• Plateau Region: Secwepemc, Nlaka’pamux, Okanagan, St’at’imc, Ktunaxa, Lillooet, Nespelem, Sanpoil, Spokane, Kalispel, Pend d’Oreille, Coeur d’Alene, Flathead, Nez Perce, Cayuse, Umatilla, Walla Walla, Wanapum, Yakama, Klickitat, Palus, Wenatchi, Moses-Columbia, Wasco, Wishram, Molala.
• Great Plains Region: Niitsítapi (Blackfoot Confederacy: Siksika, Kainai, Piikani), Nakoda (Stoney, Assiniboine), Nehiyaw (Cree), Saulteaux (Ojibwe), Dakota, Lakota, Nakota (Sioux), Tsétsêhéstâhese (Cheyenne), Hinono’eino (Arapaho), A’aninin (Gros Ventre), Apsáalooke (Crow), Tsistsistas (Cheyenne), Pawnee, Arikara, Hidatsa, Mandan, Omaha, Ponca, Iowa, Kansa, Osage, Quapaw, Wichita, Kiowa, Comanche, Lipan Apache, Tonkawa.
• Northeast Woodlands Region: Haudenosaunee (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora), Anishinaabe (Ojibwe, Odawa, Potawatomi), Wabanaki (Mi’kmaq, Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Abenaki), Lenape (Delaware), Munsee, Mohican, Wampanoag, Pequot, Mohegan, Narragansett, Niantic, Nipmuc, Pocumtuc, Mahican, Susquehannock, Erie, Wenro, Neutral, Petun, Huron-Wendat.
• Southeast Region: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Catawba, Lumbee, Powhatan, Pamunkey, Mattaponi, Rappahannock, Nansemond, Monacan, Tutelo, Saponi, Occaneechi, Cheraw, Edisto, Cusabo, Guale, Yamasee, Calusa, Apalachee, Timucua, Tocobaga, Chitimacha, Atakapa, Tunica-Biloxi, Choctaw, Alabama-Coushatta, Coushatta, Miccosukee, Natchez, Yuchi, Caddo (Hasinai, Kadohadacho, Natchitoches).
• Southwest Region: Diné (Navajo), Ndé (Apache: Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan, Western Apache), O’odham (Tohono O’odham, Akimel O’odham), Pueblo peoples (Hopi, Zuni, Acoma, Laguna, Taos, Picuris, Sandia, Isleta, Jemez, Nambe, Pojoaque, San Ildefonso, Ohkay Owingeh, Santa Clara, Tesuque, Cochiti, Santo Domingo, Zia), Pai (Hualapai, Havasupai, Yavapai), Yaqui, Mayo, Seri, Tarahumara (Rarámuri), Tepehuan, Pima, Maricopa, Yuman (Quechan, Mojave, Cocopah), Kumeyaay, Tipai-Ipai, Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute, Ute.
• West Coast Region: Ohlone, Miwok, Yokuts, Pomo, Wintun, Maidu, Chumash, Tongva, Cahuilla, Luiseño, Kumeyaay, Tipai-Ipai, Serrano, Chemehuevi, Modoc, Achumawi, Atsugewi, Yurok, Tolowa, Karuk, Hupa, Chilula, Wiyot, Shasta, Wappo, Patwin, Nomlaki, Salinan, Esselen, Costanoan.

Colonized Countries created in this region include: Canada, United States, Mexico.

Earth Plate 13

Indigenous Groups by Region (Partial List):

• Mountain Range Region: Quechua, Aymara, Uru, Mapuche, Chibcha (Muisca), Pasto, Cara, Panzaleo, Puruhá, Cañari, Palta, Chachapoya, Wanka, Chanka, Q’ero, Ch’unchu, Colla, Diaguita, Calchaquí, Omaguaca, Atacameño (Likan Antai).
• Rainforest Basin Region: Yanomami, Kayapó, Asháninka, Awá, Ticuna, Matsés, Shipibo-Conibo, Aguaruna, Huaorani, Shuar, Achuar, Zápara, Yagua, Bora, Witoto, Ocaina, Nonuya, Cofán, Siona, Secoya, Huottöja (Hoti), Piaroa, Ye’kuana, Sanumá, Waiwai, Makushi, Wapishana, Taurepang, Patamona, Akawaio, Arekuna, Pemón, Yanomam, Baniva, Baré, Warekena, Kuripako, Tariana, Tukano, Desana, Cubeo, Wanano, Piratapuyo, Guananos, Barasana, Yuhup, Kakwa, Nukak, Jiw, Sáliba, Betoye, Cuiba, Achagua, Piapoco, Guayabero, Tinigua, Andoke, Muinane, Bora, Miraña, Yucuna, Letuama, Tanimuka, Yauna, Macuna, Barasana, Eduria, Karapaná, Siriano, Taiwano, Tuyuca, Yurutí, Bará, Waimajã, Dâw, Hupda, Yuhupde, Nadahup, Kakua, Nukak.
• Dry Forest Lowland Region: Guaraní (Chiriguano, Ava, Mbyá), Toba (Qom), Wichí, Pilagá, Mocoví, Vilela, Lule, Sanapaná, Enxet, Enlhet, Nivaclé, Ayoreo, Chamacoco (Ishir), Tapieté, Chané, Chorote, Chulupí.
• Southern Region: Mapuche, Tehuelche (Aónikenk), Selk’nam (Ona), Haush (Manek’enk), Yaghan (Yámana), Kawésqar (Alacalufe), Chono, Puelche, Gününa Küne, Pehuenche, Ranquel, Pampa.
• Island Coast & Northern Region: Wayuu (Guajiro), Añu (Paraujano), Kari’ña (Carib), Lokono (Arawak), Kalina (Carib), Warao, Pemón, Panare, Yekuana, Barí, Yukpa, Chaima, Cumanagoto, Timoto-Cuica, Mariche, Teques, Caracas, Caquetio, Gayón, Jirajara, Ayaman, Huastec, Totonac, Nahua (in El Salvador).

Colonized Countries created in this region include: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana (FR), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil.

Earth Plate 15

Indigenous Populations: There are no Indigenous human populations in Antarctica. The continent has never had a permanent human population due to its extreme environment.

International Governance & Research:

Antarctica is governed internationally by the Antarctic Treaty System, which dedicates the continent to peace and scientific research. It is home only to temporary scientific researchers and support staff who rotate seasonally.

Research Stations: Over 70 permanent and seasonal research stations are operated by various nations. Major stations include:

• McMurdo Station (USA)
• Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station (USA)
• Scott Base (New Zealand)
• Vostok Station (Russia)
• Halley Research Station (UK)
• Dumont d’Urville Station (France)
• Jang Bogo Station (South Korea)
• Bharati Station (India)

Colonized Countries claiming territories in this region include: Various nations maintain territorial claims, though these are held in abeyance under the Antarctic Treaty. The claimant states are: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom. The United States and Russia maintain a basis for claim but do not currently assert one. Many other nations, such as China, India, and Italy, operate research stations without territorial claims.

Earth Plate 17

Indigenous Groups (Partial List):

• Northern Region: Sámi (in Sápmi), Nenets, Komi, Veps, Izhorians, Võros, Setos, Karelians, Ingrians, Meänkieli (Tornedalians), Kvens, Skolts, Selkups, Khanty, Mansi, Nganasans, Enets, Chukchi.
• Western Region: Basques (Euskal Herria), Catalans, Galicians, Asturians, Cantabrians, Cornish, Welsh, Scots Gaels, Manx, Irish, Bretons, Frisians, Sorbs, Corsicans, Occitans, Sardinians, Sicilians, Friulians, Ladins, South Tyroleans, Wends, Livonians.
• Eastern & Southeast Region: Crimean Tatars, Gagauz, Hutsuls, Lemkos, Rusyns, Boykos, Szeklers, Csángós, Aromanians, Istro-Romanians, Megleno-Romanians, Pomaks, Laz, Pontic Greeks, Gorani, Yörüks, Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Mari, Mordvins, Udmurts, Kalmyks, Nogai, Karachay-Balkars, Circassians, Abazins, Ingush, Chechens, Avars, Lezgins, Talysh, Tats,
• Middle & Islands Region: Maltese (as a distinct people), Cypriots, Gibraltarians, Andorrans, San Marinese, Monacoise, Istrian Italians, Griko people, Arbëreshë.

Colonized Countries created in this region include: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Malta, Greece, Denmark, Iceland, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Albania, Croatia, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Cyprus.

Earth Plate 18

Earth Plate 18 (7th Largest), Indigenous Groups (Partial List – Over 250+ Language Groups):

• Northern Region: Yolngu (Dhuwal, Dhuwala, Djaŋu, Djinba), Tiwi, Larrakia, Wardaman, Kunwinjku (Bininj), Jawoyn, Yanyuwa, Burarra, Gupapuyngu, Rirratjingu, Galpu, Golumala, Marrakulu, Mānggalili, Gumatj, Moimali, Murrinh-Patha, Ngangikurrunggurr, Marrithiyel.
• Central Region: Arrernte (Central, Eastern, Western), Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara, Luritja, Warlpiri, Anmatyerre, Alyawarr, Pertame, Kaytetye, Warumungu, Pintupi, Ngaanyatjarra, Martu (Manyjilyjarra, Warnman), Kukatja, Pintupi-Luritja, Warlmanpa.
• Southwest Region: Noongar (Whadjuk, Pindjarup, Wardandi, Amangu, Yued, Kaneang, Wilman, Balardong, Njakinjaki, Njunga, Bibbulman).
• Southeast Region: Koorie (Kulin Nation: Woiwurrung, Boonwurrung, Taungurung, Dja Dja Wurrung, Wathaurong), Gunditjmara, Yorta Yorta, Wurundjeri, Gunai/Kurnai, Wiradjuri, Bundjalung, Eora, Darug, Dharawal, Dhurga, Tharawal, Yuin, Ngarigo, Walgalu, Ngunnawal, Awabakal, Worimi, Birpai, Darkinjung, Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay, Wiradjuri, Wailwan, Wongaibon.

Northeast Region: Murri (Yuggera, Turrbal, Gubbi Gubbi, Wakka Wakka, Butchulla, Kabi Kabi, Dyirbal, Yidiny, Guugu Yimithirr, Yalanji, Gugu Badhun, Wulgurukaba, Bindal, Yuru, Gia, Jirrbal), Kalkadoon, Yuwibara, Wiri, Goa, Gungalu.

• Island Region: Tiwi, Anindilyakwa (Warnumamalya).
• Central Island Region: Kala Lagaw Ya, Meriam Mir, Yumplatok speakers, including groups from Badu, Moa, Saibai, Murray, Dauan, Waiben, Erub, Ugar, Masig.

Colonized Country created in this region: Australia.

Note: Aboriginal represent the world’s oldest continuous cultures, with over 250 distinct language groups and countless clan groups inhabating the continent for over 65,000 years. This list is a tiny sample of this immense diversity.

Earth Plate 14

Earth Plate 14 (8th Largest)

• Inuit of Plate 14 (Kalaallit): The Indigenous people of Kalaallit Nunaat are Inuit and are primarily known as Kalaallit. However, there are historical and regional sub-groups that reflect migration patterns and adaptations to different parts of the immense island:
  • Western Region: The largest population, inhabiting the west coast. This is the group most commonly referred to.
  • Eastern Region: Tunumiit, Inuit of the Ammassalik coast and surrounding areas in East Greenland.
  • Northwest Region: The northernmost group in the world, residing in the Thule region (Avannaata), Inughuit in Northwest.
  • Historical Groups (now assimilated): The Sermermiut and Qavdlunâit of the Disko Bay area, and the now-extinct South Greenlandic Dorset culture people.

Colonized Country created in this region: Greenland is a self-governing autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark.

Note: While often grouped with other Inuit, the people of this plate have a distinct history and identity shaped by their specific island environment. Their right to self-determination is a central political issue.

Earth Plate 2

Indigenous Groups (Partial List):

• Northwestern Region: Aboriginal Australians (Noongar, Arrernte, Yolngu, Murri, Koori, Palawa, Tiwi, Anindilyakwa, Larrakia, Yawuru, Pitjantjatjara, Martu, Ngaanyatjarra, Warlpiri, Aranda, Pintupi, Luritja, Warlpiri, Kamilaroi, Wiradjuri, Bundjalung, Eora, Darug, Dharawal, Yuin, Gunditjmara, Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung, and hundreds more distinct nations).
• Central Islands Region: Torres Strait Islanders (Kala Lagaw Ya and Meriam Mir speakers).
• Southern west Region: Māori (Ngāpuhi, Ngāti Porou, Waikato, Ngāi Tahu, and many other iwi/tribes).
• Central Region: Papuan peoples (Huli, Enga, Kalam, Asmat, Dani, Kamoro, Motu, Tolai, Baining, Trobriand Islanders), Kanak (New Caledonia), Ni-Vanuatu, Solomon Islanders, Fijians (iTaukei), Rotumans.
• Central North Region : Chamorro (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands), Carolinians (Northern Mariana Islands), Yapese, Chuukese, Pohnpeian, Kosraean, Marshallese, Palauan, Kiribati, Nauruan.
• Central East Region: Native Hawaiians, Sāmoans, Tongans, Niueans, Cook Island Māori, Tahitians (Mā’ohi), Marquesans, Tuamotuans, Rapanui (Easter Island), Moriori (Rēkohu/Chatham Islands), Tokelauans, Tuvaluans, Futunans, Wallisians, Uveans, Mangarevans, Rarotongans, Pukapukans.

Colonized Countries and territories created in this region include: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa, Tonga, Kiribati, Micronesia, Palau, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Tuvalu, Timor-Leste, and various overseas territories of the USA (Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa), France (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis & Futuna), the UK (Pitcairn Islands), Chile (Easter Island), and Indonesia (West Papua).